Free radical..... apa yang free????

Nutrients minimize free-radical damage

Free radicals are often blamed for the effects of ageing n diseases. But what are free radicals? And how are they formed? How do you advice customers on ways of getting rid of free radicals n protecting themselves from the bad effect of free radicals?

Free radicals are atoms or groups of atoms with an unpaired (free) electron, usually conferring high reactivity; in biological systems, most free radicals contain oxygen.

Free radicals are produced in both normal n pathological processes, and can be formed when oxygen interacts with certain molecules. Once formed, these highly reactive radicals can start a chain reaction, like dominoes. Their chief danger comes from the damage they can do when they react with important cellular components such as DNA or the cell membranes. Cell may function poorly or die if this occurs.

Free radicals are proven or suspected agents of tissue damage in a wide variety of circumstances, including radiation, damage from environment chemicals and ageing. Natural n pharmacological prevention of free radical damage is being actively investigated.

To prevent free-radical damage, the body has a defense system of antioxidants. Antioxidants are involved in the prevention of cellular damage, which is the common pathway for ageing, cancer and a variety of diseases.

Antioxydants are molecules which can safely interact with free radicals and terminate the chain reaction before vital molecules are damaged. Although there are several enzyme systems within the body that scavenge free radicals, the principle antioxydants are vitamin E, beta-carotene (pro-vitamin A) and vitamin C.

Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant that stops the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) when fat undergoes oxidation. Vitamin E is also involved in immune function and metabolic processes.

Vitamin A is fat soluble and is important for normal vision, immune system and reproduction. Vitamin A also helps our vital organs function properly.

Vitamin C is a water-soluble antioxidant that helps protect our cells from free-radical damage due to metabolic processes, cigarette smoke, air pollution and ultra-violet ray from the sunlight. Vitamin C is also involved in collagen production, as well as improving the absorption of iron from plant-based foods and helping aour immune system function properly.

Selenium, which is a trace metal required for proper function of one of the body’s antioxidant enzyme system, is sometimes included in the category of antioxidants.

Apart from antioxidants, it is vital to consume foods and supplements containing zinc, chromium, vitamin B1,B6 and B12. Zinc helps the immune system fight off invading bacteria and viruses. Our body also needs zinc to make proteins and DNA in a cells, hence zinc is vital during pregnancy, infancy and childhood. Zinc also helps wounds heal and is important for proper sense of taste and smell. Chromium is required in trace amounts and is known to enhance the action of insulin. Chromium also apperears to be directly involved in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism.

While all B vitamins help our body convert carbohydrate into glucose, vitamin B1 (thiamine) has a specific function of strengthening our immune system and improving our body’s ability to withstand stressful conditions. Vitamin B6 is required for the enzyme reactions involved in metabolism. Vitamin B6 is also involved in brain development during pregnancy and infancy, as well as immune function. Vitamin B12 helps keep our nerves and blood cells healthy and is involved in DNA production. Vitamin B12 also helps prevent a type of anemia called megaloblastic anemia that makes people tired and weak.

Epidemiologic observations show lower cancer rates in people whose diets are rich in fruits and vegetables. This has led to the theory that diets contain substances, possibly antioxidants, which protect against the development of cancer. There is currently intense scientific investigation into this topic.

Dietary supplements may help to ensure that we get an adequate dietary intake of essential nutrients. However, supplements should not replace the variety of foods that are important to a healthful diet, so be sure to advice your customer to eat a variety of foods as well.

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